Uhlelo lwe-exhaust ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe ipayipi lokukhipha umoya, i-muffler, i-catalyst converter nezinye izingxenye ezisizayo.Ngokuvamile, ipayipi lokukhipha izimoto zokukhiqiza ngobuningi lenziwa kakhulu ngepayipi lensimbi, kodwa kulula uku-oxidize nokugqwala ngaphansi kwesenzo esiphindaphindiwe sokushisa okuphezulu nomswakama.Ipayipi le-exhaust liyingxenye yezingxenye zokubukeka, ngakho-ke iningi lazo lifafazwa ngopende ongamelana nokushisa noma i-electroplating.Nokho, futhi kwandisa isisindo.Ngakho-ke, amamodeli amaningi manje enziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, noma amapayipi e-titanium alloy exhaust ezemidlalo.

Okuningi

Injini ye-multi-cylinder ye-stroke ngokuvamile isebenzisa ipayipi le-exhaust elihlangene, eliqoqa amapayipi e-exhaust yesilinda ngayinye bese ikhipha igesi yokukhipha ngepayipi elisemsileni.Thatha imoto yamasilinda amane njengesibonelo.Uhlobo lwe-4 ku-1 luvame ukusetshenziswa.Ubuhle bayo akukhona nje ukuthi ingasusa umsindo, kodwa futhi ukuthi ingasebenzisa i-exhaust inertia yesilinda ngasinye ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-exhaust ukuze kwandiswe amandla amahhashi.Kodwa lo mphumela ungadlala indima ebalulekile kuphela ebangeni elithile lejubane.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusetha indawo yesivinini ejikelezayo lapho i-manifold ingasebenzisa amandla enjini ngenjongo yokugibela.Ezinsukwini zokuqala, idizayini yokukhipha umoya yezithuthuthu ezingama-cylinder amaningi yayisebenzisa amasistimu wokukhipha umoya ozimele kusilinda ngasinye.Ngale ndlela, ukuphazamiseka kokukhipha kwe-cylinder ngayinye kungagwenywa, futhi i-inertia yokukhipha kanye ne-exhaust pulse ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.Okubi ukuthi inani letorque lehla ngaphezu kokuphindaphindeka ngaphandle kwebanga lejubane elimisiwe.

Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-exhaust

Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-manifold kungcono kunombhobho ozimele, kodwa umklamo kufanele ube nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe.Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhipha isilinda ngasinye.Ngokuvamile, amapayipi amabili okukhipha igesi yesilinda esiphambene aqoqwa ndawonye, ​​bese kuhlanganiswa amapayipi okukhipha isilinda esiphambene.Lena yinguqulo engu-4 koku-2 kunguqulo engu-1.Lena indlela eyisisekelo yokuklama ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwe-exhaust.Ngokwezibalo, oku-4 koku-2 koku-1 kusebenza kahle kakhulu kuno-4 koku-1, futhi ukubukeka nakho kuhlukile.Kodwa empeleni, kukhona umehluko omncane phakathi kokusebenza kahle kokukhipha kokubili.Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ipuleti eliwumhlahlandlela epayipini lokukhipha umoya elingu-4 koku-1, kukhona umehluko omncane kumphumela wokusetshenziswa.

Ukukhipha inertia

Igesi ine-inertia ethile enqubweni yokugeleza, futhi i-inertia yokukhipha inkulu kune-inertia yokungena.Ngakho-ke, amandla e-exhaust inertia angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha.I-Exhaust inertia idlala indima ebalulekile ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi igesi yokukhipha igesi iphushwa i-piston ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwe-exhaust.Lapho i-piston ifinyelela ku-TDC, igesi yokukhipha umoya esele ekamelweni elivuthayo ayikwazi ukuphushwa ipiston.Lesi sitatimende asilungile ngokuphelele.Ngokushesha lapho i-valve yokukhipha ivuliwe, inani elikhulu legesi yokukhipha likhishwa ngaphandle kwe-valve yokukhipha ngesivinini esikhulu.Ngalesi sikhathi, umbuso awuphushwa i-piston, kodwa ukhishwa ngokwawo ngaphansi kwengcindezi.Ngemuva kokuthi igesi yokukhipha ingena embhobho wokukhipha ngesivinini esikhulu, izokhula futhi inciphise ngokushesha.Ngalesi sikhathi, sekwephuze kakhulu ukugcwalisa isikhala phakathi kwe-exhaust yangemuva kanye ne-exhaust yangaphambili.Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela okungalungile okuyingxenye kuzokwakhiwa ngemuva kwe-valve yokukhipha.Ukucindezela okungalungile kuzokhipha ngokuphelele igesi yokukhipha esele.Uma i-valve yokungena ivuliwe ngalesi sikhathi, ingxube entsha ingaphinde idonswe ku-cylinder, engagcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha kodwa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokungena.Lapho ama-valve okudonsa nawokukhipha evuleka ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-engeli yokunyakaza kwe-crankshaft ibizwa ngokuthi i-valve overlap angle.Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-valve overlap angle yakhelwe ukusebenzisa i-inertia ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokukhipha umoya ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lokugcwalisa lengxube entsha kusilinda.Lokhu kwandisa amandla ehhashi kanye nokukhishwa kwetorque.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imivimbo emine noma imivimbo emibili, i-exhaust inertia kanye ne-pulse izokwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqeda amandla.Kodwa-ke, i-air inlet kanye ne-exhaust mechanism yezimoto ezimbili ezishaywayo ihlukile kuleyo yezimoto ezine ezishaywayo.Kumele ifaniswe negumbi lokunweba lepayipi le-exhaust ukuze lidlale indima yalo enkulu.

I-Exhaust pulse

I-exhaust pulse iwuhlobo lwegagasi lomfutho.Ukucindezela kokukhipha kuqhuba ipayipi yokukhipha ukuze kwakhiwe igagasi lokucindezela, futhi amandla ayo angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokungena nokukhipha.Amandla we-barotropic wave ayafana nalawo we-negative pressure wave, kodwa isiqondiso siphambene.

Isenzo sokupompa

Igesi yokukhipha umoya engena endaweni eningi izoba nomthelela wokumunca kwamanye amapayipi angaphelile ngenxa yokungena ngaphakathi kokugeleza.Igesi ekhipha umoya emapayipini aseduze iyamuncwa.Lesi simo singasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-exhaust.Ukuphela kwe-cylinder eyodwa kuyaphela, bese kuqala ukuphuma kwesinye isilinda.Thatha isilinda esibhekene nesokuthungela njengendinganiso yokuqoqa bese uhlanganisa ipayipi lokukhipha umoya.Hlanganisa enye isethi yamapayipi okukhipha umoya.Yakha iphethini yesi-4 koku-2 koku-1.Sebenzisa ukumunca ukusiza ukuqeda amandla.

Umthulisi

Uma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye negesi yokukhipha umfutho ophezulu evela enjinini ikhishwa ngokuqondile emkhathini, igesi izokhula ngokushesha futhi ikhiphe umsindo omkhulu.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nezinto zokupholisa nokuthulisa.Kunezimbobo eziningi zokuthulisa kanye namakamelo okukhala phakathi kwesithulisi.Kukhona ukotini omunca umsindo we-fiberglass odongeni lwangaphakathi ukuze umunce ukudlidliza nomsindo.Okuvame kakhulu i-muffler yokwandisa, okumele ibe namakamelo amade namafushane ngaphakathi.Ngoba ukuqedwa komsindo we-high-frequency kudinga igumbi elifushane lokunweba le-cylindrical.Igumbi lokunweba ishubhu elide lisetshenziselwa ukuqeda umsindo ophansi.Uma kusetshenziswa igumbi lokunweba elinobude obufanayo kuphela, kungasuswa imvamisa yomsindo eyodwa kuphela.Nakuba i-decibel incishisiwe, ayikwazi ukuveza izwi elamukelekayo endlebeni yomuntu.Phela, umklamo we-muffler kufanele ucabangele ukuthi umsindo we-exhaust wenjini ungamukelwa yini ngabathengi.

Isiguquli se-Catalyst

Ngaphambili, ama-locomotives awazange afakwe iziguquli ze-catalytic, kodwa manje inani lezimoto nezithuthuthu liye landa kakhulu, futhi ukungcoliswa komoya okubangelwa amagesi aphumayo kubi kakhulu.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungcoliswa kwegesi ephumayo, iziguquli ze-catalytic ziyatholakala.Iziguquli ze-catalytic zakuqala zashintsha kuphela i-carbon monoxide nama-hydrocarbons ku-exhaust gas zibe ikhabhoni dioxide namanzi.Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziyingozi ezifana ne-nitrogen oxide kugesi ephumayo, engaguqulwa kuphela ibe i-nitrogen ne-oksijeni engeyona enobuthi ngemva kokunciphisa amakhemikhali.Ngakho-ke, i-rhodium, i-catalyst yokunciphisa, yengezwa ku-catalyst kanambambili.Manje isiguquli se-ternary catalytic.Asikwazi ukuphishekela ukusebenza ngokungaboni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo injani.